More Than Numbers: Native American Actions At The Battle Of The Little Bighorn;

There can be no argument that the numerical advantage the Indians held during the battle of the Little Bighorn was a decisive factor in their overwhelming victory. However, numbers alone did not solely guarantee that the Indians would be able to annihilate five companies of the 7th Cavalry, kill over one third of the soldiers in another three companies, and seriously threaten the destruction of the entire regiment. The mere fact that the Indians, who were supposedly wild savages, were able to kill over 260 well-armed soldiers while only losing between an estimated 30-40 of their own, with at least eight of these being non-combatants, indicates that the Indians did not defeat the 7th Cavalry by simply throwing bodies at them. Rather, the Indians earned their victory with good leadership and savvy tactical actions.

In Sitting Bull, the Indians found the leader that possessed the qualities to amass the largest High-Plain’s Indian gathering in history. He also motivated them with the vision of a great victory over the soldiers. Moreover, the Indians approached that purpose with extraordinary morale and esprit derived from their belief in Sitting Bull, his vision’s mandate that the Great Spirit foretold a great victory, their recent victory over General George C. Crook’s column at the Rosebud, and the sheer power of the amassed tribes. At the tactical level, the Indians were led by warriors who led from the front, made superb decisions during the battle, and were instrumental in rallying the warriors whenever a situation arose that might have made them lose the combat concentrations their numbers enabled them to achieve.

In the actual fighting, the Indians consistently used the terrain in expert fashion and combined fires and maneuver that overwhelmed the troopers’ ability to react to each new and developing threat. The Indians combined bases of fire (with many Indians using weapons far superior to that of the cavalry), infiltrated, and penetrated to isolate units on the battlefield and then pressed their attacks to a total tactical victory, literally annihilating Custer’s detachment. Although the cavalry did achieve complete surprise in their attack on the village, the Indians were able to quickly meet each new threat posed by the soldiers during the course of the battle and then react faster than the troopers during every subsequent event.